“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

Contrasting ecofeminism and parafeminism in naturalistic literature

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Alireza Azarpeyk 1
fateme safari 2
1 Master's degree, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Sustainable Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Bachelor of Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Payam Noor University, Yasouj Center, Iran.
Abstract
In the review of literary approaches and the creation of attitudinal and writing systems, we are faced with four paradigms. That is, reduction-addition systems, eclectic systems, system-likes, and additive-concrete systems. While presenting this division, Arash Azarpeyk considers the horizontal, pragmatic as well as problematic presentation by this concept to be the reason for it, Therefore, in this article, by examining these four systems, we will state that the approach of ecofeminism is an eclectic approach that always tries to consider women and the earth as oppressed phenomena in patriarchal systems. The critical approach of Fara-feminism, with regard to the additive-concrete system, beyond all limited frameworks of women-oriented and men-oriented, seeks to present the division of different type of subjects from Azarpeyk's point of view and believes that by changing the male subject to a female subject, ecofeminism is trying to categorize all existences -including the earth- in a hierarchical approach and in another field, with a female-oriented view. In naturalistic literature, According to the two fundamental principles of "absence of any dualism" and "absence of any attribution", the principle and foundation of Earth-subjectivity in Orianism is proposed. Earth-subjectivity is a critical approach to all the ideas in which man is known as the identical subject who is always seeking valuation. In this article, which is done in a descriptive and analytical method by using library resources, the naturalistic literature is examined with regard to the approach of the third genus and the presentation of human-centered feminism and human-centered patriarchy ideas.
Keywords
Naturalist literature
geo-feminism
anthropo-feminism
feminism
eco-feminism
meta-feminism
Azarpik, Arash; Mahdavian, Mehri (1384), third generation, Kermanshah: Kermanshah
Azarpik, Arash et al. (2016), Yalda's eyes and the key word of the holographic world, first volume, 3rd edition, Tehran: Roozer.
Azarpik, Arash et al. (2016), Yalda's eyes and the key word of the holographic world, volume 2, edition 3, Tehran: Roozer.
Azarpik, Arash (2017), The Maiden Returns to Love, 2nd edition, Kermanshah: Preface
Payandeh, Hossein (1382), Discourse of criticism, Tehran: Roozer
Teke, Farah (1400), The sun is in the eyes of Farazan Delbakht, Tehran: Mehr and Del
Taslimi, Ali (2018), Literary criticism of their literary and applied theories in Persian literature, 2nd edition, Tehran: Akhtran.
Hajizadeh, Mohammad (1384), Interpretive Culture of Isms, Tehran: Jamehdaran
Stanford encyclopedia, (2012), Environmental ethics, a collection of articles on the criticism of geomigration, compiled by Zahra Parsapour, translated by Abdallah Norouzi, Hossein Fatahali, Tehran: Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute.
Du Beauvoir, Simon (1400), second edition, translation: Qasim Sanavi, volume 2, edition 17, Tehran: Tos
Rashidi, Ali; Hemti, Ario (1400), the literary movement of 1400, Tehran: Mehr and Del
Rodrigues, Kreis (2007), Modernism, translated by Kamran Sepahran, Tehran: Pardis Danesh.
Zarshanas, Shahryar (2006), Cultural and Political Dictionary, 2nd edition, Tehran: Ketab Sobh
Sarse, Michelle Rio (1385), History of Feminism, translated by Abdul Wahab Ahmadi, Tehran: Enlightenment and Women's Studies
Sulaimanpour, Mahosh (2018), Monthly Writings of an Extraterrestrial, Kermanshah: Preface
Shamisa, Siros (1400), Literary Schools, 14th edition, Tehran: Drop
Saidi, Yalda (2018), Stormier than Tabsem - the romances of a young thinker-, Tehran: Erika Sabz
Saidi, Yalda (1400), The Global Movement of Green Poetry - From the Tralibism School to the Literary-Philosophical Movement of 1400-, Tehran: Omid Sokhn
Qalandrazadeh Mariya, Fatemeh (2019), "Ecofeminism and Deconstruction of Folktales in the Analysis of the Novel Tanideh in the Maze of Time", Fiction Studies, Year 6, Number 2, pp. 172-188
Kligz, Mary (2019), Textbook of Literary Theory, translators: Jalal Sokhnoor, Elaheh Dehnavi, Saeed Sabzian, 3rd edition, Tehran: Akhtran.
Marx, Karl (1378), Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, 2nd edition, Tehran: Aaghah. 
Mohammadi Asl, Abbas (1390), Gender and Geography, Tehran: Gol Azin
Masih, Niloufer (1400), the third genre - the romances of a woman -, Kermanshah: Preface
Mirsadeghi, Jamal/Mirsadeghi, Mayment (1377), Dictionary of Art and Story, Tehran: Mahnaz
Nowroz Ali, Zeinab (1400), The Ancient Beloved of Oriental Women, Tehran: Shaperak Sorkh
Hashemi, Shabnam (1400) The Lady of Words, Kermanshah: Preface
See: Goethe: Conversation with Eckermann, January 29, 1823
“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”
Volume 1, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2022
Pages 155-189