“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

Gender, Non-Gender, and Fara-gender Expression in Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Alireza Azarpeyk 1
parvin ahmadi 2
1 Master's degree, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Sustainable Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Master's student, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Payam Noor University, Islamabad West Center, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract
Language is considered one of the fundamental elements of writing. Many believe that there are differences between masculine and feminine language in writing. Therefore, in the radical and postmodern branch of the feminist movement, language and feminine writing have received significant attention. However, the existence of such a language is not compatible with the logic of language formation, and gender cannot be an effective factor in creating an independent language. Therefore, feminist linguistics, as a branch of structuralism, with its distinction between feminine writing, Fara-gender writing, and non-gender writing, attempts to examine examples and clarify the mentioned perspectives. This article, while examining various types of writing, including gender, Fara-gender, and non-gender, seeks to provide a different perspective on the relationship between language and gender and any pre-existing patterns that divide written language into feminine and masculine. By analyzing works by Forough Farrokhzad, it presents examples of various relationships between language and writing to demonstrate that the categorization of writing into feminine and masculine is entirely gender-biased. This research has collected the concept of feminine and masculine writing and sought answers beyond what previous researchers have presented using a descriptive-analytical method, with qualitative data collection through library sources and data analysis.

Highlights

آذرپیک، آرش، مسیح، نیلوفر (1402) «سوژه، دیگری، دگرسوژه از راسیونالیسم تا فرائیسم»، دومین کنفرانس روانشناسی، علوم تربیتی، علوم اجتماعی و علوم انسانی

آذرپیک، آرش، سوشیان، ستی‌سارا (1401)، «اکوفمینیسم و فرافمینیسم در ادبیات طبیعت‌گرا»، پژوهش‌های نوین ادبی، سال اول، شمارۀ دوم، صص32-1

تانگ، ر (1398)، نقد و نظر: درآمدی جامع بر نظریه‌های فمنیستی، ترجمة نجم عراقی، تهران: نی

سلدن، راما (1377)، راهنمای نظریه‌های ادبی معاصر، ترجمة عباس مخبر، تهران: طرح نو

عسگری، عاطفه (1401)، زبانه‌های عاشقانه، تهران: امید سخن

فتوحی، محمود (1391)، سبک‌شناسی: نظریه‌ها و روش‌ها، تهران: امید سخن

فرخزاد، فروغ (1386)، دیوان اشعار، تهران: سایۀ نیما

مسیح، نیلوفر (1400)، جنس سوم، کرمانشاه: دیباچه

مسیح، نیلوفر (1401)، «زبان به مثابۀ فراسوژه»، پژوهش‌های نوین ادبی، سال اول، شمارۀ اول، صص28

مکاریک، ایرنا (1384)، دانش‌نامۀ نظریه‌های ادبی، ترجمة مهران مهاجر و حمد نبوی، تهران: آگه

نجفی عرب، ملاحت، حسنی رنجبر، احمد (1392)، «زبان و جنسیت در رمان شوهر آهو خانم»، مطالعات نقد ادبی، دورۀ 8، شمارۀ 30، صص 17-1هام مگی (1382)، فرهنگ نظریه‌های فمینیستی، ترجمة فیروزه مهاجر و همکاران، تهران: توسعه

Cixous,h. (1976)"the laugh of the medusa". Trans,k. cohen and p. cohen, signs: journal of wimen in cultrure and socity,1(4) :875_93

robert(1983) dicitionnaire le petit Robert.paris

Keywords
Fara-feminism
Gendered writing
Fara-gender writing
Non-gender writing
Forough Farrokhzad
Subjects
Azarpik, Arash, Masih, Nilofar (1402) "Subject, Other, Other Subject from Rationalism to Fraism", Second Conference of Psychology, Educational Sciences, Social Sciences and Human Sciences
Azarpik, Arash, Soshian, Setisara (1401), "Ecofeminism and parafeminism in naturalist literature", Novin Adabi Researches, first year, second issue, pp. 1-32
Tang, R. (2018), Criticism and Opinion: A Comprehensive Introduction to Feminist Theories, translated by Najm Iraqi, Tehran: Ni.
Selden, Rama (1377), Guide to Contemporary Literary Theories, translated by Abbas Mokhbar, Tehran: New Design
Asgari, Atefeh (1401), Love Language, Tehran: Omid Sokhn
Fatuhi, Mahmoud (2012), Stylology: theories and methods, Tehran: Omid Sokhn
Farrokhzad, Forough (1386), Divan of Poems, Tehran: Saye Nima
Masih, Nilofer (1400), third generation, Kermanshah: preface
Masih, Niloufer (1401), "Language as a Transsubject", Modern Literary Researches, first year, first issue, pp. 28
Makarik, Irena (1384), Encyclopedia of Literary Theory, translated by Mehran Mohajer and Hamad Nabavi, Tehran: Age
Najafi Arab, Melahat, Hosni Ranjber, Ahmed (2012), "Language and Gender in the Novel of the Deer's Husband", Studies in Literary Criticism, Volume 8, Number 30, pp. 1-17, Haham Maggi (2012), Dictionary of Feminist Theories, translated by Firuzeh Mohajer et al., Tehran: Tehsehe
Cixous, h. (1976) "the laugh of the medusa". Trans, k. Cohen and P. Cohen, signs: journal of women in culture and society, 1(4): 875_93
robert(1983) dictionary le petit robert.paris
“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”
Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 4
November 2023
Pages 65-85