“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”

Comparison of Risale al-Tir Khaqani, Sanai and Najmuddin Razi from the point of view of bird symbolism

Document Type : Original Article

Author
sayeh barin
PhD student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Before Attar, various poets and writers attempted to compose works on the language of birds. The vast majority of these works were composed around the late fifth to early seventh centuries, and despite the many commonalities that the composition of this type of work requires, there are also obvious differences among them. One of these differences is the difference in the way of symbolizing birds. In this study, the Risale-i-Tayr of Khaqani, Sana'i of Ghaznavi, and Najm al-Din Razi are compared with each other from the perspective of symbolizing birds because differences were observed in the method of presentation, the final goal, and their descriptions that made them susceptible to being compared in the present study. This study has found out how the difference in the perspective and purpose of composing these works ultimately led to the difference in the symbolizing of birds. Khaqani's Risale-i-Tayr contains unique descriptions and leads to the praise of the Prophet (Mohammad). Sanai, with the focus on monotheism, depicts the scene of bird worship, and Najm al-Din Razi wrote the praise of the then minister through the language of birds. That is, the style of each poet also has an important characteristic in the uniqueness of his language of birds, which has been reviewed in this research.
Keywords
Khaqani
Sanai
Najm al-Din Razi
Mantiq al-Tayr
Symbolism
Subjects
The Holy Quran
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“Scientific and Specialized Journal of Modern Literary Research”
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
, Spring and Summer 2025
March 2025
Pages 151-168