The uprising of Imam Hussein (AS) is one of the most important events in Islamic history, and numerous interpretations and analyses have been presented about its goals and motivations. Among these analyses, a prominent view emphasizes that one of the basic goals of this uprising was to delegitimize the Umayyad government and expose its deviation from the principles of pure Islam. This article, with an analytical-historical approach and using reliable Islamic sources, examines the context of the formation of the Umayyad government, the nature of power during the era of Yazid, and the positions and actions of Imam Hussein (AS) in confronting this government. The results of the research show that by refusing to pledge allegiance, delivering sermons, making political revelations, and ultimately accepting martyrdom, Imam Hussein (AS) was able to challenge the religious and moral legitimacy of the Umayyad government and provide the basis for the awareness of the Islamic nation.