نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The central question of this research is how adverse social conditions—such as poverty, drought, the loss of home and land, the father’s addiction, the sister’s murder, the mother’s death, domestic violence, fear of abandonment, and life in the marginalized space of “Gudal”—contribute to the formation of Fariba’s psychological and social disorders. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method, and data have been collected through library research. The theoretical framework is based on Rieber’s theory of social distress and the psychopathy of everyday life, which conceptualizes distress not merely as an individual disorder but as the outcome of social pressures, the disintegration of social character, marginalization, violence, and the collapse of supportive bonds. The findings indicate that Fariba’s continuous exposure to poverty, insecurity, violence, and loneliness transforms her into an anxious, isolated, and traumatized character. Her condition is reflected in symptoms such as stuttering, fear of the city and crowds, pathological attachment to her violent father, conversations with her deceased sister, and impaired decision-making. Furthermore, Asad, Fariba’s father, exemplifies the disintegration of social character, as addiction, poverty, and economic instability drive him toward violence and irresponsibility, reducing the father–daughter relationship to a transactional one. Ultimately, the novel portrays social distress not as individual weakness but as the product of destructive economic, familial, and social structures
کلیدواژهها English